The Science Behind Baking Powder's Rise
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Baking powder revolutionized baking when it emerged in the early 1850s in
the United States, providing a convenient premixed leavening agent for
consumers....
Society is an organized group of people who interact with one another and form a cohesive unit. This definition would include not only human but also animals. The definition of society does not include culture. It is only when we speak of human societies that we refer to the concept of culture.
Tuesday, October 11, 2011
Nomads from Asia
The steppes of central Asia in ancient times provided a vast belt of grazing land for tribes of nomadic herdsmen.
They were highly mobile people who lived according to the rhythm of the season, following the wandering of their sheep, goats, horses, cattle or yaks. Theirs was a cold and forbidding landscape of mountains and bare plains.
They had no writing and they made no stone built cities. Moreover, as wanderers they had no use for cumbersome furnishings, using only lightweight household items, chiefly of wood hides and cloth.
What is known of the nomads survives in a scattering of graves, and in texts written by observes from the settled civilizations to the east and west.
The Greeks knew the Asian nomad loosely as Scythians, applying term more specifically to a group who, from the 7th century BC, set up a kingdom north of the Black Sea.
The Scythian women were rarely seen, but kept confined to their wagons and circular tents; these tents made of felt stretched over a wood framework and known as yurts, can still be seen in central Asia today.
The men wore kaftans, distinctive pointed headgear and trousers – a major invention of Asian horsemen and one that made riding more comfortable. They also carried swords, shields and a bow and arrow case.
Notorious among ancient peoples for their cruelty, the Scythians were said to blind their slaves to make them easier to manage, and to drink from cups made from enemies’ skulls.
The Greek historians Herodotus described many of the Scythians’ outlandish customs, especially their burial rites which included the ceremonial slaughter of wives, servants and animals.
The burial of kings, he said, took place in a great square pit. The royal corps was embalmed, its belly slit open, cleaned out, and filled with chopped frankincense, parsley and anise before sewn up again. With the bodies of slaughtered attendants and horses were piled mounds of golden vessels.
Nomads from Asia
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