Circassians people

The ethnic group, who also self-identify as the Adyghe, come from the North Caucasus region and the northeast shore of the Black Sea. It's an area in the southwest of Russia. It was the German physiologist Johann Friedrich Blumenbach who first came up with the idea of the ‘Caucasian race’, which he named after the geographical area in which the Circassians lived before their ethnic cleansing.

They're predominantly Sunni Muslim of the Hanafi school. Today, only a minority of Circassians live in their divided ancestral homeland, mainly in three republics of the Russian Federation (Kabardino Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia and Adygheya). The majority of Circassians were forced to flee their homeland in 1864, following the 19th century Russian conquest of the Caucasus and have never been able to return.

Many hundreds of thousands were killed or deported to the neighboring Ottoman Empire, where most settled in Turkey, and others made their way to the Balkans and elsewhere in the Middle East.

The Circassians were warlike people. Grown men were expected to carry arms, and boys trained to be warriors. Familial ties were not strongly encouraged; parents fostered their children to other adults rather than raising them themselves.

Circassians now live in almost 40 different countries including Turkey, Israel, Syria, Lebanon, the United States and several European countries.
Circassians people

Semangs people of Malay Peninsula

Semangs are commonly known by the racial term ‘Negrito’. The Semangs of Malaysia were traditionally nomadic hunters and gatherers. They wander in small groups of twenty to thirty and depend for food on roots, stalks, leaves, fruits, insects and fish.

The Semangs are found in a broad arc running form foothills of the northern West coast across the peninsula along the Thai border and then down strip between the coastal plains and the mountains on the East coast.

Semangs are generally found in river valleys, building their shelters close to the river banks, a pattern also displayed by Proto-Malay communities.

The term ‘Semang’ appears to be of Malay origin and has come to be used by anthropologist to refer to the Negritos whole by hunting and gathering, although the term is not so restricted by the Malay.

The Thai sometimes call them khon pa, ‘forest people’ a term that finds a parallel in the orang bukit or orang liar, used sometimes by the Malay.

Semang are speakers of the North Aslian sub-branch, which includes the languages of Batek, Batek Tanum, Batek Nong, Kensiw, Kintaq, Jahai, Mendriq, and the a various Meniq peoples of South Thailand.
Semangs people of Malay Peninsula

Culture and Definition

As anthropologist use the term, culture is the way of life shared by a group of people.

It is what makes people similar to one another and unites them as a group, overcoming individual differences in personality. Culture is acquired behavior; it is learned rather than inherited genetically.

Culture is passed on from one generation to the next through the process known as socialization.

Although the methods of teaching children the appropriate behavior patterns may vary from one society to another, all societies engage in some form of child training.

It is assume that early childhood experiences will last effect on an individual, and insofar as the same basic experiences are shared by most children in a society, a general personality pattern will be shared among most adults in that society.
Culture and Definition